Dismantling Privilege and White Supremacy in Social Work Education

Authors

  • Taniko King-Jordan University of Indianapolis
  • Karina Gil Our Lady of the Lake University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18060/24088

Keywords:

Social work, White supremacy, female faculty of color, African American, BIPOC

Abstract

The primary aim of social work is eliminating social inequalities by advocating for racial, social, and economic justice for individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. This commitment and promise starts in the classroom by providing opportunities for students and faculty to interact with each other and promote the core tenets of the profession. As the social work practices are shaped by the values promoted by the mainstream society, many argue that the profession is biased and does not meet the needs of Black, Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC). This issue is explored in the present study by interviewing six Black female social work faculty, aiming to elucidate their experiences in academia and the social work educational environment when interacting with their White counterparts, their students, and the administration. The findings yielded by this investigation have implications for academia, as well as social work education programs and their leadership.

References

Alleman, N., Cliburn Allen, C., & Haviland, D. (2017). Collegiality and the collegium era of faculty differentiation. ASHE Higher Education Report, 43(4), 7-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/aehe.20120

Allen-Meares, P., & Burman, S. (1995). The endangerment of African American men: An appeal for social work action. Social Work, 40(2), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203789001-14

Anderson, C. (2017). White rage. Bloomsbury Publishing, Plc.

Aparicio, F. (2013). Insisting on race, ethnicity, and gender: Reflections of a Latina scholar (who is also a professor of Spanish). MLA Profession. https://profession.mla.org/insisting-on-race-ethnicity-and-gender-reflections-of-a-latina-scholar-who-is-also-a-professor-of-spanish/

Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic networks: An analytic tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 1, 385-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410100100307

Baker Gary, G., & Gary, L. (1994). The history of social work education for black people 1900-1930. The Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 21(1), 67-81. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2109&context=jssw

Berg, B. L. (2009). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (7th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.

Bernal, D. D., & Villalpando, O. (2002). An apartheid of knowledge in academia: The struggle over the “legitimate” knowledge of faculty of color. Equity & Excellence in Education, 35, 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/713845282

Billingsley, A., & Giovannoni, J. M. (1972). Children of the storm. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Bowles, D. D., & Hopps, J. G. (2014). The profession’s role in meeting its historical mission to serve vulnerable populations. Advances in Social Work, 15, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.18060/16677

Bracey, E. (2017). The significance of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in the 21st Century: Will such institutions of higher learning survive? American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 76(3), 670-696. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12191

Briggs, H. E., Holosko, M. J., Banks, L., Huggins-Hoyt, K. Y., & Parker, J. (2018). How are African Americans currently represented in various social work venues? Research on Social Work Practice, 28, 275-287. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731517706553

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). https://www.loc.gov/item/usrep347483/

Chamberlain, M., & Russell Sage Foundation. (1988). Women in academe: Progress and prospects. Russell Sage Foundation.

Charity Hudley, A. H., Mallinson, C., & Bucholtz, M. (2020). Toward racial justice in linguistics: Interdisciplinary insights into theorizing race in the discipline and diversifying the profession. Language, 96(4), e200-e235. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2020.0074

Corley, N. A., & Young, S. M. (2018). Is social work still racist? Social Work, 63(4), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swy042

Council on Social Work Education [CSWE]. (2017). 2017 statistics on social work education in the United States. https://www.cswe.org/Research-Statistics/Research-Briefs-and-Publications/CSWE_2017_annual_survey_report-FINAL.aspx#:~:text=BSW%20AT%2DA%2DGLANCE&text=Programs%20reported%20a%20total%20enrollment,(44.2%25%3B%20208%20programs).

CSWE. (2021). About CSWE. CSWE. https://www.cswe.org/About-CSWE

Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429500480-5

Di’Angelo, R. (2018). White fragility: Why is it so hard for white people to talk about racism? Beacon Press.

Dyson, Y., & Smith Brice, T. (2016). Embracing the village and tribe: Critical thinking for social workers from an African-Centered Approach. Journal of Social Work Education, 52(1), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1112648

Fields, C. D. (2007, June 23). A morale dilemma—black professors on white campuses. Diverse. https://diverseeducation.com/article/7747/

Gil, K., & King-Jordan, T. (2020). Woman and power: Exploring the intersections of race, ethnicity, and culture. In D. Rosser-Mims, J. R. McNellis, J. Johnson-Bailey, & C. Egan (Eds.), Pathways into the political area: The perspectives of global women leaders (pp. 47-66). Information Age Publishing Inc.

Gregory, J. R. (2021). Social work as a product and project of whiteness, 1607-1900. Journal of Progressive Human Services, 32(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428232.2020.1730143

Gruber, M. L. (1980). Inequality in the social services. Social Service Review, 54, 59-75.

Guerra, M. (2013, November 7). Fact sheet: The state of African American women in the United States. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2013/11/07/79165/fact-sheet-the-state-of-african-american-women-in-the-united-states/

Harris, L. M. (2015, March 26). The long, ugly history of racism at American universities. The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/121382/forgotten-racist-past-american-universities

Holosko, M. J., Briggs, H. E., & Miller, K. M. (2017). Do black lives really matter—to social work? Introduction to the special edition. Research on Social Work Practice, 28, 272-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731517706551

Jaschik, S. (2014, April 24). The bias for white men. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/04/24/study-finds-faculty-members-are-more-likely-respond-white-males-others

Jayakumar, U. M., Howard, T. C., Allen, W. R., & Han, J. C. (2009). Racial privilege in the professoriate: An exploration of campus climate, retention, and satisfaction. Journal of Higher Education, 80, 538-563. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0063

Kendi, I. (2016). Stamped from the beginning: The definitive history of racist ideas in America. National Books.

Luke Wood, J., & Harris III, F. (2021, February 12). Racelighting: A prevalent version of gaslighting facing people of color. Diverse Issues in Higher Education. https://diverseeducation.com/article/205210/

Matias, C., Mitchell Viesca, K., Garrison-Wade, D., Tandon, M., & Galindo, R. (2014). “What is critical whiteness doing in our nice field like critical race theory?” Applying CRT and CWS to understand the white imaginations of white teacher candidates. Equity and Excellence in Education, 47(3), 289-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2014.933692

Maxwell, J. A. (1996). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Sage.

McAdams, D. P. (2008). Personal narratives and the life story. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 242-262). Guildford Press.

McCoy, D., & Rodrick, D. (2015). Critical race theory in higher education: 20 years of theoretical and research innovations. ASHE Higher Education Report, 41(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/aehe.20021

McCoy, H. (2020). Black lives matter, and yes, you are racist: The parallelism of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37(463-475). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-020-00690-4

McMahon, A., & Allen-Meares, P. (1992). Is social work racist? A content analysis of recent literature. Social Work, 37, 533-539. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/37.6.533

Mokuau, N., Garlock-Tuialiì, J., & Lee, P. (2008). Has social work met its commitment to Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders? A review of the periodical literature. Social Work, 58, 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/53.2.115

Mustaffa, J. B. (2017). Mapping violence, naming life: A history of anti-Black oppression in the higher education system. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 30(8), 711-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2017.1350299

National Association of Black Social Workers. (n.d.). NABSW pioneers. https://www.nabsw.org/page/Pioneers

National Association of Social Workers [NASW]. (2007). Institutional racism & the social work profession: A call to action. https://www.socialworkers.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=SWK1aR53FAk%3D&portalid=0

NASW. (2017). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

Nicolazzo, Z., & Marine, S. B. (2016). Teaching the history of US higher education: A critical duoethnography. Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education, 1, 215-232. https://doi.org/10.28945/3530

Nidiffer, J. (1999). Poor historiography: The “poorest” in American higher education. History of Education Quarterly, 39(3), 321-336. https://doi.org/10.2307/370013

Olsen, L. (1982). Services for minority children in out-of-home care. Social Service Review, 56, 572-585. https://doi.org/10.1086/644048

Palmer, R. (2010). The perceived elimination of affirmative action and the strengthening of Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Journal of Black Studies, 40(4), 762-776. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934708320729

Patton, D. (2016). Disrupting postsecondary prose: Towards a critical race theory of higher education. Urban Education, 51(3), 315-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085915602542

Pelczarski, Y., & Kemp, S. P. (2006). Patterns of child maltreatment referrals among Asian and Pacific Islander families. Child Welfare, 85, 5-31.

Rooney, B. (1987). Resistance to change. Liverpool Merseyside Area Profile Group/ Race and Social Policy Unit - Liverpool University.

Ryan, G. W., & Bernard, H. R. (2003). Techniques to identify themes. Field Methods, 15, 85-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X02239569

Sakamoto, I. (2007). An anti-oppressive approach to cultural competence. Canadian Social Work Review, 24(1), 105-114. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41669865

Sanders, J. (2019, March 26). Black women, let your anger out: Chronic stress is killing us we can’t keep repressing our rage. In These Times. http://inthesetimes.com/article/21775/black-women-anger-chronic-stress-rage-repression-discrimination-racism

Schiele, J., & Hopps, J. (Eds.). (2009). Racial minorities then and now: The continuing significance of race [Special Issue]. Social Work, 54(3), 195-199. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/54.3.195

Schiele, J. H. (2007). Implications of the equality of oppressions paradigm for curriculum content on people of color. Journal of Social Work Education, 43(1), 83-100. https://doi.org/10.5175/jswe.2007.200400478

Shotwell, A. (2016). Against purity: Living ethically in compromised times. University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2017.1372946

Smith, L. T. (2012). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples. Zed Books.

Solomon, B. B. (1976). Black empowerment: Social work oppressed communities. Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/22.3.234

Southbank Centre. (2016, March 14). Kimberlé Crenshaw-on Intersectionality-Keynote WOW 2016 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DW4HLgYPlA

Strier, R. (2007). Anti-oppressive research in social work: A preliminary definition. British Journal of Social Work, 37, 857-871. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl062

Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629. (1950). https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-sweatt-v-painter

Thelin, J. R. (2004). A History of the American higher education. The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Torpey, E. (2018). Careers in social work: Outlook, pay, and more. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2018/article/social-workers.htm#:~:text=Employment%20and%20outlook,families%20or%20worked%20in%20schools

U.S. Department of Education. (1991). Historically Black Colleges and Universities and higher education desegregation. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9511.html

Walcott, R. (2014). The problem of the human: Black ontologies and ‘the coloniality of our being.’ In S. Brock & C. Junker (Eds.), Postcoloniality - decoloniality - Black critique: Joints and fissures (pp. 93-105). University of Chicago Press.

Walter, M., Taylor, S., & Habibis, D. (2011). How white is social work in Australia? Australian Social Work, 64(1), 6-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2010.510892

White, G. B. (2015). Black workers really do need to be twice as good. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/10/why-black-workers-really-do-need-to-be-twice-as-good/409276/

Wilder, C. S. (2014). Ebony and ivy: Race, slavery and the troubled history of America’s universities. Bloomsbury.

Williams, J. (2018). Race and poverty: Growth areas for social work research agenda. Social Work Research, 42(2), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svy009

Downloads

Published

2021-09-23